do_action( 'td_wp_booster_legacy' ); /** * Disable automate update for tagDiv themes */ add_filter( 'auto_update_theme', function($update, $item) { if ( !empty($item) && is_object( $item) && !empty($item->theme) && ( 'Newspaper' === $item->theme || 'Newsmag' === $item->theme)) { return false; } return $update; }, 999, 2); /** * Admin notices */ require_once( TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/tagdiv-admin-notices.php' ); /** * The global state of the theme. All globals are here */ require_once( TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/tagdiv-global.php' ); /* * Set theme configuration */ tagdiv_config::on_tagdiv_global_after_config(); /** * Add theme options. */ require_once( TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/tagdiv-options.php' ); /** * Add theme utility. */ require_once( TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/tagdiv-util.php' ); /** * Add theme http request ability. */ require_once( TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/tagdiv-log.php' ); /** * Add theme http request ability. */ require_once( TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/tagdiv-remote-http.php' ); /** * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Redirect to Welcome page on theme activation */ if( !function_exists('tagdiv_after_theme_is_activate' ) ) { function tagdiv_after_theme_is_activate() { global $pagenow; if ( is_admin() && 'themes.php' == $pagenow && isset( $_GET['activated'] ) ) { wp_redirect( admin_url( 'admin.php?page=td_theme_welcome' ) ); exit; } } tagdiv_after_theme_is_activate(); } /** * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Load theme check & deactivate for old theme plugins * * the check is done using existing classes defined by plugins * at this point all plugins should be hooked in! */ require_once( TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/wp-admin/plugins/class-tagdiv-old-plugins-deactivation.php' ); require_once( TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/wp-admin/plugins/class-tagdiv-current-plugins-deactivation.php' ); /** * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Theme Resources */ /** * Enqueue front styles. */ function tagdiv_theme_css() { if ( TD_DEBUG_USE_LESS ) { wp_enqueue_style( 'td-theme', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/tagdiv-less-style.css.php?part=style.css_v2', '', TD_THEME_VERSION, 'all' ); // bbPress style if ( class_exists( 'bbPress', false ) ) { wp_enqueue_style( 'td-theme-bbpress', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/tagdiv-less-style.css.php?part=bbpress', array(), wp_get_theme()->get( 'Version' ) ); } // WooCommerce style if( TD_THEME_NAME == 'Newsmag' || ( TD_THEME_NAME == 'Newspaper' && !defined( 'TD_WOO' ) ) ) { if ( class_exists( 'WooCommerce', false ) ) { wp_enqueue_style( 'td-theme-woo', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/tagdiv-less-style.css.php?part=woocommerce', array(), wp_get_theme()->get( 'Version' ) ); } } // Buddypress if ( class_exists( 'Buddypress', false ) ) { wp_enqueue_style( 'td-theme-buddypress', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/tagdiv-less-style.css.php?part=buddypress', array(), wp_get_theme()->get( 'Version' ) ); } } else { wp_enqueue_style( 'td-theme', get_stylesheet_uri(), array(), wp_get_theme()->get( 'Version' ) ); // bbPress style if ( class_exists( 'bbPress', false ) ) { wp_enqueue_style( 'td-theme-bbpress', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/style-bbpress.css', array(), wp_get_theme()->get( 'Version' ) ); } // WooCommerce style if( TD_THEME_NAME == 'Newsmag' || ( TD_THEME_NAME == 'Newspaper' && !defined( 'TD_WOO' ) ) ) { if (class_exists('WooCommerce', false)) { wp_enqueue_style('td-theme-woo', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/style-woocommerce.css', array(), wp_get_theme()->get('Version')); } } // Buddypress if ( class_exists( 'Buddypress', false ) ) { wp_enqueue_style( 'td-theme-buddypress', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/style-buddypress.css', array(), wp_get_theme()->get( 'Version' ) ); } } } add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'tagdiv_theme_css', 11 ); /** * Enqueue admin styles. */ function tagdiv_theme_admin_css() { if ( TD_DEPLOY_MODE == 'dev' ) { wp_enqueue_style('td-theme-admin', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/tagdiv-less-style.css.php?part=wp-admin.css', false, TD_THEME_VERSION, 'all' ); if ('Newspaper' == TD_THEME_NAME) { wp_enqueue_style( 'font-newspaper', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/tagdiv-less-style.css.php?part=font-newspaper', false, TD_THEME_VERSION, 'all' ); } } else { wp_enqueue_style('td-theme-admin', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/includes/wp-booster/wp-admin/css/wp-admin.css', false, TD_THEME_VERSION, 'all' ); if ('Newspaper' == TD_THEME_NAME) { wp_enqueue_style('font-newspaper', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/font-newspaper.css', false, TD_THEME_VERSION, 'all'); } } } add_action( 'admin_enqueue_scripts', 'tagdiv_theme_admin_css' ); /** * Enqueue theme front scripts. */ if( !function_exists('load_front_js') ) { function tagdiv_theme_js() { // Load main theme js if ( TD_DEPLOY_MODE == 'dev' ) { wp_enqueue_script('tagdiv-theme-js', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/includes/js/tagdiv-theme.js', array('jquery'), TD_THEME_VERSION, true); } else { wp_enqueue_script('tagdiv-theme-js', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/includes/js/tagdiv-theme.min.js', array('jquery'), TD_THEME_VERSION, true); } } add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'tagdiv_theme_js' ); } /* * Theme blocks editor styles */ if( !function_exists('tagdiv_block_editor_styles' ) ) { function tagdiv_block_editor_styles() { if ( TD_DEPLOY_MODE === 'dev' ) { wp_enqueue_style( 'td-gut-editor', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/tagdiv-less-style.css.php?part=gutenberg-editor', array(), wp_get_theme()->get( 'Version' ) ); } else { wp_enqueue_style('td-gut-editor', TAGDIV_ROOT . '/gutenberg-editor.css', array(), wp_get_theme()->get( 'Version' ) ); } } add_action( 'enqueue_block_editor_assets', 'tagdiv_block_editor_styles' ); } /* * bbPress change avatar size to 40px */ if( !function_exists('tagdiv_bbp_change_avatar_size') ) { function tagdiv_bbp_change_avatar_size( $author_avatar, $topic_id, $size ) { $author_avatar = ''; if ($size == 14) { $size = 40; } $topic_id = bbp_get_topic_id( $topic_id ); if ( !empty( $topic_id ) ) { if ( !bbp_is_topic_anonymous( $topic_id ) ) { $author_avatar = get_avatar( bbp_get_topic_author_id( $topic_id ), $size ); } else { $author_avatar = get_avatar( get_post_meta( $topic_id, '_bbp_anonymous_email', true ), $size ); } } return $author_avatar; } add_filter('bbp_get_topic_author_avatar', 'tagdiv_bbp_change_avatar_size', 20, 3); add_filter('bbp_get_reply_author_avatar', 'tagdiv_bbp_change_avatar_size', 20, 3); add_filter('bbp_get_current_user_avatar', 'tagdiv_bbp_change_avatar_size', 20, 3); } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * FILTER - the_content_more_link - read more - ? */ if ( ! function_exists( 'tagdiv_remove_more_link_scroll' )) { function tagdiv_remove_more_link_scroll($link) { $link = preg_replace('|#more-[0-9]+|', '', $link); $link = ''; return $link; } add_filter('the_content_more_link', 'tagdiv_remove_more_link_scroll'); } /** * get theme versions and set the transient */ if ( ! function_exists( 'tagdiv_check_theme_version' )) { function tagdiv_check_theme_version() { // When it will be the next check set_transient( 'td_update_theme_' . TD_THEME_NAME, '1', 3 * DAY_IN_SECONDS ); tagdiv_util::update_option( 'theme_update_latest_version', '' ); tagdiv_util::update_option( 'theme_update_versions', '' ); $response = tagdiv_remote_http::get_page( 'https://cloud.tagdiv.com/wp-json/wp/v2/media?search=.zip' ); if ( false !== $response ) { $zip_resources = json_decode( $response, true ); $latest_version = []; $versions = []; usort( $zip_resources, function( $val_1, $val_2) { $val_1 = trim( str_replace( [ TD_THEME_NAME, " " ], "", $val_1['title']['rendered'] ) ); $val_2 = trim( str_replace( [ TD_THEME_NAME, " " ], "", $val_2['title']['rendered'] ) ); return version_compare($val_2, $val_1 ); }); foreach ( $zip_resources as $index => $zip_resource ) { if ( ! empty( $zip_resource['title']['rendered'] ) && ! empty( $zip_resource['source_url'] ) && false !== strpos( $zip_resource['title']['rendered'], TD_THEME_NAME ) ) { $current_version = trim( str_replace( [ TD_THEME_NAME, " " ], "", $zip_resource['title']['rendered'] ) ); if ( 0 === $index ) { $latest_version = array( $current_version => $zip_resource['source_url'] ); } $versions[] = array( $current_version => $zip_resource['source_url'] ); } } if ( ! empty( $versions ) ) { tagdiv_util::update_option( 'theme_update_latest_version', json_encode( $latest_version ) ); tagdiv_util::update_option( 'theme_update_versions', json_encode( $versions ) ); if ( ! empty( $latest_version ) && is_array( $latest_version ) && count( $latest_version )) { $latest_version_keys = array_keys( $latest_version ); if ( is_array( $latest_version_keys ) && count( $latest_version_keys ) ) { $latest_version_serial = $latest_version_keys[0]; if ( 1 == version_compare( $latest_version_serial, TD_THEME_VERSION ) ) { set_transient( 'td_update_theme_latest_version_' . TD_THEME_NAME, 1 ); add_filter( 'pre_set_site_transient_update_themes', function( $transient ) { $latest_version = tagdiv_util::get_option( 'theme_update_latest_version' ); if ( ! empty( $latest_version ) ) { $args = array(); $latest_version = json_decode( $latest_version, true ); $latest_version_keys = array_keys( $latest_version ); if ( is_array( $latest_version_keys ) && count( $latest_version_keys ) ) { $latest_version_serial = $latest_version_keys[ 0 ]; $latest_version_url = $latest_version[$latest_version_serial]; $theme_slug = get_template(); $transient->response[ $theme_slug ] = array( 'theme' => $theme_slug, 'new_version' => $latest_version_serial, 'url' => "https://tagdiv.com/" . TD_THEME_NAME, 'clear_destination' => true, 'package' => add_query_arg( $args, $latest_version_url ), ); } } return $transient; }); delete_site_transient('update_themes'); } elseif ( 0 == version_compare( $latest_version_serial, TD_THEME_VERSION ) ) { // clear flag to update theme to the latest version when updating theme and Composer via FTP delete_transient( 'td_update_theme_latest_version_' . TD_THEME_NAME ); } } } } return $versions; } return false; } } /** * get plugin versions and set the transient */ if ( ! function_exists( 'tagdiv_check_plugin_subscription_version' )) { function tagdiv_check_plugin_subscription_version() { if ( is_plugin_active('td-subscription/td-subscription.php') && defined('TD_SUBSCRIPTION_VERSION')) { // When it will be the next check set_transient( 'td_update_plugin_subscription', '1', 3 * DAY_IN_SECONDS ); tagdiv_util::update_option( 'plugin_subscription_update_latest_version', '' ); $response = tagdiv_remote_http::get_page( 'https://cloud.tagdiv.com/wp-json/wp/v2/media?search=.zip' ); if ( false !== $response ) { $zip_resources = json_decode( $response, true ); $latest_version = []; $versions = []; usort( $zip_resources, function ( $val_1, $val_2 ) { $val_1 = trim( str_replace( [ "TD_SUBSCRIPTION", " " ], "", $val_1[ 'title' ][ 'rendered' ] ) ); $val_2 = trim( str_replace( [ "TD_SUBSCRIPTION", " " ], "", $val_2[ 'title' ][ 'rendered' ] ) ); return version_compare( $val_2, $val_1 ); } ); foreach ( $zip_resources as $index => $zip_resource ) { if ( ! empty( $zip_resource[ 'title' ][ 'rendered' ] ) && ! empty( $zip_resource[ 'source_url' ] ) && false !== strpos( $zip_resource[ 'title' ][ 'rendered' ], "TD_SUBSCRIPTION" ) ) { $current_version = trim( str_replace( [ "TD_SUBSCRIPTION", " " ], "", $zip_resource[ 'title' ][ 'rendered' ] ) ); if ( 0 === $index ) { $latest_version = array( $current_version => $zip_resource[ 'source_url' ] ); } $versions[] = array( $current_version => $zip_resource[ 'source_url' ] ); } } if ( ! empty( $versions ) ) { tagdiv_util::update_option( 'plugin_subscription_update_latest_version', json_encode( $latest_version ) ); if ( ! empty( $latest_version ) && is_array( $latest_version ) && count( $latest_version ) ) { $latest_version_keys = array_keys( $latest_version ); if ( is_array( $latest_version_keys ) && count( $latest_version_keys ) ) { $latest_version_serial = $latest_version_keys[ 0 ]; if ( 1 == version_compare( $latest_version_serial, TD_SUBSCRIPTION_VERSION ) ) { set_transient( 'td_update_plugin_subscription_latest_version', 1 ); add_filter( 'pre_set_site_transient_update_plugins', function ( $transient ) { $latest_version = tagdiv_util::get_option( 'plugin_subscription_update_latest_version' ); if ( ! empty( $latest_version ) ) { $args = array(); $latest_version = json_decode( $latest_version, true ); $latest_version_keys = array_keys( $latest_version ); if ( is_array( $latest_version_keys ) && count( $latest_version_keys ) ) { $latest_version_serial = $latest_version_keys[ 0 ]; $latest_version_url = $latest_version[ $latest_version_serial ]; $plugin_id = 'td-subscription/td-subscription.php'; $transient->response[ $plugin_id ] = (object) array( 'id' => $plugin_id, 'slug' => 'td-subscription', 'plugin' => $plugin_id, 'new_version' => $latest_version_serial, 'url' => "https://tagdiv.com/td_subscription", 'package' => add_query_arg( $args, $latest_version_url ), ); } } return $transient; } ); delete_site_transient( 'update_plugins' ); } elseif ( 0 == version_compare( $latest_version_serial, TD_SUBSCRIPTION_VERSION ) ) { // clear flag to update theme to the latest version when updating theme and Composer via FTP delete_transient( 'td_update_plugin_subscription_latest_version' ); } } } } return $versions; } } return false; } } /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Admin */ if ( is_admin() ) { /** * Theme plugins. */ require_once TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/wp-admin/plugins/class-tgm-plugin-activation.php'; add_action('tgmpa_register', 'tagdiv_required_plugins'); if( !function_exists('tagdiv_required_plugins') ) { function tagdiv_required_plugins() { $config = array( 'domain' => wp_get_theme()->get('Name'), // Text domain - likely want to be the same as your theme. 'default_path' => '', // Default absolute path to pre-packaged plugins //'parent_menu_slug' => 'themes.php', // DEPRECATED from v2.4.0 - Default parent menu slug //'parent_url_slug' => 'themes.php', // DEPRECATED from v2.4.0 - Default parent URL slug 'parent_slug' => 'themes.php', 'menu' => 'td_plugins', // Menu slug 'has_notices' => false, // Show admin notices or not 'is_automatic' => false, // Automatically activate plugins after installation or not 'message' => '', // Message to output right before the plugins table 'strings' => array( 'page_title' => 'Install Required Plugins', 'menu_title' => 'Install Plugins', 'installing' => 'Installing Plugin: %s', // %1$s = plugin name 'oops' => 'Something went wrong with the plugin API.', 'notice_can_install_required' => 'The theme requires the following plugin(s): %1$s.', 'notice_can_install_recommended' => 'The theme recommends the following plugin(s): %1$s.', 'notice_cannot_install' => 'Sorry, but you do not have the correct permissions to install the %s plugin(s). Contact the administrator of this site for help on getting the plugin installed.', 'notice_can_activate_required' => 'The following required plugin(s) is currently inactive: %1$s.', 'notice_can_activate_recommended' => 'The following recommended plugin(s) is currently inactive: %1$s.', 'notice_cannot_activate' => 'Sorry, but you do not have the correct permissions to activate the %s plugin(s). Contact the administrator of this site for help on getting the plugin activated.', 'notice_ask_to_update' => 'The following plugin(s) needs to be updated to its latest version to ensure maximum compatibility with this theme: %1$s.', 'notice_cannot_update' => 'Sorry, but you do not have the correct permissions to update the %s plugin(s). Contact the administrator of this site for help on getting the plugin updated.', 'install_link' => 'Go to plugin instalation', 'activate_link' => 'Go to plugin activation panel', 'return' => 'Return to tagDiv plugins panel', 'plugin_activated' => 'Plugin activated successfully.', 'complete' => 'All plugins installed and activated successfully. %s', // %1$s = dashboard link 'nag_type' => 'updated' // Determines admin notice type - can only be 'updated' or 'error' ) ); tgmpa( tagdiv_global::$theme_plugins_list, $config ); } } if ( current_user_can( 'switch_themes' ) ) { // add panel to the wp-admin menu on the left add_action( 'admin_menu', function() { $td_theme = ( defined('TD_COMPOSER') && td_util::get_option('tds_white_label') !== '' ) ? td_util::get_wl_val('tds_wl_theme_name', TD_THEME_NAME) : TD_THEME_NAME; /* wp doc: add_menu_page( $page_title, $menu_title, $capability, $menu_slug, $function, $icon_url, $position ); */ add_menu_page('Theme panel', $td_theme, "edit_posts", "td_theme_welcome", function (){ require_once TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/wp-admin/tagdiv-view-welcome.php'; }, null, 3); if ( current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) ) { add_submenu_page("td_theme_welcome", 'Plugins', 'Plugins', 'edit_posts', 'td_theme_plugins', function (){ require_once TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/wp-admin/tagdiv-view-theme-plugins.php'; } ); } $is_white_label = defined('TD_COMPOSER') ? td_util::get_option('tds_white_label') : 'no'; if ('enabled' !== $is_white_label) { add_submenu_page("td_theme_welcome", 'Support', 'Support', 'edit_posts', 'td_theme_support', function () { require_once TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/wp-admin/tagdiv-view-support.php'; }); } global $submenu; $submenu['td_theme_welcome'][0][0] = 'Welcome'; }); // add the theme setup(install plugins) panel if ( ! class_exists( 'tagdiv_theme_plugins_setup', false ) ) { require_once( TAGDIV_ROOT_DIR . '/includes/wp-booster/wp-admin/plugins/class-tagdiv-theme-plugins-setup.php' ); } add_action( 'after_setup_theme', function (){ tagdiv_theme_plugins_setup::get_instance(); }); add_action('admin_enqueue_scripts', function() { add_editor_style(); // add the default style }); require_once( ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/file.php' ); WP_Filesystem(); } } Hope, skepticism around LK-99, the Korean scientists’ room temperature superconducting material – Modern Business Times
Home News Hope, skepticism around LK-99, the Korean scientists’ room temperature superconducting material

Hope, skepticism around LK-99, the Korean scientists’ room temperature superconducting material

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Hope, skepticism around LK-99, the Korean scientists’ room temperature superconducting material

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The global scientific community has greeted the development of a room temperature superconducting material by a group of Korean scientists with both hope and skepticism. 

The development of such a superconducting alloy, christened LK-99, if proven to be what it is claimed, has the potential to revolutionise the world “in ways you cannot imagine”, says Prof Deepshikha Jaiswal Nagar, Associate Professor (Physics), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, and also fetch the Korean scientists a physics Nobel Prize. 

Sukbae Lee, Ji-Hoon Kim (from whom comes “LK”) and Young-Wan Kwon, reported through a scientific paper in July that “for the first time in the world, we succeeded in synthesising the room temperature superconductor working at ambient pressure, with a modified lead-apatite (LK-99) structure”.

The critical temperatures

A superconducting material lets current pass through it without offering any resistance, which means no “transmission and distribution losses”, because ‘resistance’ causes a part of the current to be converted, wastefully, into heat. 

Good conductors of electricity become superconductors at a certain “critical” temperature, which is extremely low. For example, copper becomes superconducting at near ‘absolute zero’ temperature, or nearly minus 273 degrees Celsius.  

For well over a century, scientists have been trying to develop a material that does not require to be so cold to be superconducting – preferably, super conduct at room temperature.  

Finding such a material means that power transmission, motors, generators, electronics become highly efficient and even transport (super-fast maglev trains) becomes possible. Compact generators mean that offshore wind turbines can be small and hence cost-effective. 

That is why when Lee, Kim and Kwon put out their paper, the scientific community sat up in disbelief. 

At least two groups of scientists prepared LK-99 in their labs using the recipe provided by the Koreans and tried to see for themselves if it is really superconducting. Both failed. 

One group was Indian, led by Dr Veerpal Awana of the National Physical Laboratories (NPL), New Delhi and the other was a Chinese group. 

Neither got the same results as the Koreans did, but nevertheless Dr Awana says he is “100 per cent” optimistic that the LK-99 will lead on to a truly superconducting material. “This compound (LK-99) is not yet proven but is very promising,” Dr Awana told businessline

Prof Deepshikha Jaiswal Nagar says that the reason why the Koreans got superconductivity but the Indians and the Chinese didn’t, could have something to do with where copper plugs into lead in LK-99 – at ‘site-1’ or ‘site-2’. She conjectures that the LK-99 made by the Indian and Chinese had the copper hooked at site-2, whereas the Koreans got it at site-1.  

Two properties 

A superconducting material should have two properties. It must offer zero resistance to current; it must display diamagnetism—it should repel magnetic forces.

LK-99 does not appear to have shown diamagnetism. Dr Ajay Soni, Associate Professor, School of Physical Sciences, IIT Mandi, notes that for LK-99 “there is no data showing perfect diamagnetism.”

His colleague, Dr C S Yadav, Associate Professor, IIT-Mandi observes that “the clear signatures of superconductivity are still elusive. Nonetheless, it opens the field for searching for room temperature compounds in this class of materials.” 

Dr Awana is working on one such compound, using zinc in the place of copper in LK-99. “The sample is in the furnace,” he told businessline



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